What is the Proarrhythmic effect?
Proarrhythmia is a new or more frequent occurrence of pre-existing arrhythmias, paradoxically precipitated by antiarrhythmic therapy, which means it is a side effect associated with the administration of some existing antiarrhythmic drugs, as well as drugs for other indications.
What is pro arrhythmogenic?
Proarrhythmia refers to a drug’s ability to promote an arrhythmia. Several types of proarrhythmia have been noted: (1) a change or worsening of the current arrhythmia, (2) the development of a new arrhythmia, and (3) the occurrence of a bradyarrhythmia resulting from depression of the sinus node or AV node conduction.
How are antiarrhythmics Proarrhythmic?
Antiarrhythmic agents can worsen existing arrhythmias by increasing their duration or frequency, increasing the number of premature complexes or couplets, altering the rate of the arrhythmia or causing new, previously unexperienced arrhythmias.
What are the side effects of amiodarone?
Amiodarone may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- constipation.
- loss of appetite.
- headache.
- decreased sex drive.
- difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
- flushing.
- changes in ability to taste and smell.
- changes in amount of saliva.
What are Proarrhythmic drugs?
Drugs that are described as antiarrhythmic drugs may actually aggravate arrhythmia in several ways and these are termed proarrhythmic effects. The most common type of proarrhythmia is a paradoxical increase in the frequency of episodes of the target arrhythmia.
Is diltiazem a Proarrhythmic?
Although excessive concentrations of verapamil and diltiazem may cause sino-atrial nodal asystole and varying degrees of atrioventricular block, there is little direct evidence that this contributes to significant proarrhythmia, for example, ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
What is heart foci ectopic?
Ectopic foci are abnormal pacemaker sites within the heart (outside of the SA node) that display automaticity. Their pacemaker activity, however, is normally suppressed (overdrive suppression) by the higher rate of the SA node. They can occur within the atria or ventricles.
Does Cardizem have Proarrhythmic potential?
What are the side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs?
Common side effects caused by antiarrhythmics include:
- possible issues with your liver, kidneys, thyroid or lungs (these will be monitored by your health professional)
- tiredness.
- nausea (feeling sick)
- shortness of breath (if this gets so bad that you feel unsafe, seek medical attention immediately).
What are the bad side effects of eliquis?
Serious side effects of Eliquis
- Severe headaches.
- Dizziness.
- Muscle weakness.
- Joint pain.
- Severe, uncontrollable, or unusual bleeding (bleeding gums, frequent nosebleeds, heavier than usual menstrual bleeding)
- Low platelet levels (thrombocytopenia)
- Coughing blood.
- Vomiting blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.
What are the diseases that cause your eyes to turn inward?
Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid folds inward, causing the skin on eyelashes to rub against the conjunctiva (the surface of the eye) and the cornea. Esotropia Esotropia is a convergent form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose. Also known as “crossed eyes,” it is most common in young children.
Can a unilateral injury cause sympathetic ophthalmia?
Sympathetic Ophthalmia. In very rare cases following a unilateral eye injury, a condition called sympathetic ophthalmia can develop. This condition presents itself as a form of uveitis (eye inflammation), and it occurs when the body’s own immune system attacks first the injured eye and then the healthy one.
How is sympathetic ophthalmia related to uveitis?
In very rare cases following a unilateral eye injury, a condition called sympathetic ophthalmia can develop. This condition presents itself as a form of uveitis (eye inflammation), and it occurs when the body’s own immune system attacks first the injured eye and then the healthy one.
What are some of the symptoms of eye problems?
They protect your eye, spread tears over its surface, and limit the amount of light that can get in. Pain, itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light are common symptoms of eyelid problems. You might also have blinking spasms or inflamed outer edges near your eyelashes.