What is stearoyl CoA desaturase?

Stearoyl–CoA desaturase (SCD) is a central lipogenic enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleate (C18:1) and palmitoleate (C16:1), which are components of membrane phospholipids, triglycerides, wax esters, and cholesterol esters. Several SCD isoforms (SCD1-3) exist in the mouse.

What is the FADS2 gene?

Entrez Gene Summary for FADS2 Gene The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes regulate unsaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain.

How does desaturases affect membrane fluidity?

If a cell in early growth phase produces more saturated than unsaturated fatty acids, the membrane fluidity would be sufficiently reduced to allow the desaturases to act on its membrane phospholipids thereby increasing the degree of unsaturation and hence the fluidity of the membranes.

What is the function of desaturases?

The enzymes that insert unsaturated bonds to FA molecules are referred to as fatty acid desaturases. These enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by conversion of single bonds (C-C) into double bonds (C = C) in the acyl chain.

What does the C20 4 mean?

Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (C20:4, all-cis-5,8,11,14–20:4) is the precursor of several bioactive lipid mediators of the eicosanoid family related to a wide range of biological effects including lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response.

Is arachidonic acid an omega 6 fatty acid?

In humans on a Western diet, the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (ARA) makes a significant contribution to the fatty acids present in the membrane phospholipids of cells involved in inflammation.

What is SCD1 and SCD2?

SCD Stands for Slowly changing dimensions. SCD1: only maintained updated values. Ex: a customer address modified we update existing record with new address. SCD2: maintaining historical information and current information by using. A) Effective Date.

What is the difference between slowly changing dimensions Type 1 and Type 2?

In a Type 1 SCD the new data overwrites the existing data. A Type 2 SCD retains the full history of values. When the value of a chosen attribute changes, the current record is closed. A new record is created with the changed data values and this new record becomes the current record.

How does cholesterol maintain fluidity?

Cholesterol acts as a bidirectional regulator of membrane fluidity because at high temperatures, it stabilizes the membrane and raises its melting point, whereas at low temperatures it intercalates between the phospholipids and prevents them from clustering together and stiffening.

What is the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1?

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism. It is responsible for forming a double bond in Stearoyl-CoA. This is how the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid is produced from the saturated fatty acid stearic acid.

Which is bond is desaturated by stearoyl-CoA ( SCD )?

Stearoyl–CoA (black) held in a kinked conformation by SCD1’s binding pocket which determines which bond is desaturated. (PDB: 4ZYO ​) Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD; EC 1.14.19.1) is an iron-containing enzyme that catalyzes a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

Which is the principal product of SCD desaturase?

The principal product of SCD is oleic acid, which is formed by desaturation of stearic acid. The ratio of stearic acid to oleic acid has been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation through effects on cell membrane fluidity and signal transduction. Four SCD isoforms, Scd1 through Scd4, have been identified in mouse.

How does SCD-1 deficiency affect ceramide synthesis?

One study showed that SCD-1 activity was associated with inherited hyperlipidemia. SCD-1 deficiency has also been shown to reduce ceramide synthesis by downregulating serine palmitoyltransferase. This consequently increases the rate of beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle.