What is nonlinear refractive index?
nonlinear index of refraction (n2) When an intense laser beam passes through a material, the electric field of the beam can induce a change in the refractive index of the material that is proportional to the intensity of the beam. This nonlinear effect is called the Kerr effect.
What is the refractive index of silica?
Its refractive index varies from 1.55 to 1.40 (for its transparent range: 160nm to 3000nm). Because fused silica is optically stable and consistent, many use it as a reference or standard for spectroscopic measurements. The details of its refractive index temperature dependence are also well studied.
How do you calculate nonlinear refractive index?
Now the nonlinear refractive index n2 can be calculated from the nonlinear susceptibility by n2 = (12π/n0) χ 1111 ( 3 ) (–ω; ω, ω, –ω), were n0 is the linear refractive index of the material. It is clear that the measurement of n2 rigorously requires ωa = ωb = ωc.
What is a birefringent material?
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive).
What is the refractive index of ZnO?
3.4. Optical characterization
| Optical parameters | Symbol | ZnO |
|---|---|---|
| Dispersion energy | Ed | 3.168 eV |
| High-frequency dielectric constant | εα | 3.29 |
| Zero frequency dielectric constant | εo | 1.895367 |
| Zero frequency refractive index | no | 1.38 |
What is the refractive index of polystyrene?
1.58654
For a typical sample of Polystyrene the refractive index and extinction coefficient at 632.8 nm are 1.58654 and 0.
What is Kerr effect explain nonlinear effects due to Kerr effect?
The Kerr effect is a nonlinear optical effect which can occur when light propagates in crystals and glasses, but also in other media such as gases. It can be described as a change in refractive index caused by electric fields, and being proportional to the square of the electric field strength.
Are all anisotropic materials birefringent?
Isotropic materials have symmetry in all directions and the refractive index is the same for any polarization direction. An anisotropic material is called “birefringent” because it will generally refract a single incoming ray in two directions, which we now understand correspond to the two different polarizations.
What are the units of the nonlinear refractive index?
with the nonlinear refractive index n 2. The units of that quantity are m 2/W (or cm 2/W) in the SI system, but in older literature one finds n 2 values in esu units. For the conversion of such units, the equation.
What is the nonlinear index of birefringent materials?
Nonlinear index values for various materials. Note that the values are polarization-dependent in case of birefringent materials. Note that 10 −20 m 2 /W = 10 −16 cm 2 /W. Materials with a high nonlinear index often have a small bandgap energy, and therefore also often exhibit strong two-photon absorption (TPA).
How is the Kerr effect related to the refractive index?
When light with high intensity propagates through a medium, this causes nonlinear effects. The simplest of these is the Kerr effect, which can be described as a change (usually an increase) in the refractive index in proportion to the optical intensity I. with the nonlinear refractive index n 2.
What is the nonlinear index of a transparent crystal?
For transparent crystals and glasses, n2 is typically of the order of 10−16 cm2/W to 10−14 cm2/W. Silica, as used e.g. in silica fibers, has a relatively low nonlinear index of 2.7 · 10−16 cm2/W for wavelengths around 1.5 μm, whereas some chalcogenide glasses exhibit several hundred times higher values.
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