Who discovered the Clemmensen reduction?
The history of this reaction goes back to 1913 when Danish chemist Erik Christian Clemmensen discovered.
What is Clemmensen reduction examples?
The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with zinc amalgam (Zn/Hg alloy) in concentrated hydrochloric acid, which reduces the aldehyde or ketone to a hydrocarbon, is called Clemmensen reduction.
What is meant by Clemmensen reduction?
Definition of Clemmensen reduction : the reduction of a ketone or aldehyde directly to a hydrocarbon by the action of amalgamated zinc and hydrochloric acid.
What is Clemmensen reduction class 12?
The Clemmensen reduction is a reaction that is used to reduce aldehydes or ketones to alkanes using hydrochloric acid and zinc amalgam. The Clemmensen reduction is named after a Danish chemist, Erik Christian Clemmensen.
How can we reduce carbonyl in alkanes?
The reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alkanes. Condensation of the carbonyl compound with hydrazine forms the hydrazone, and treatment with base induces the reduction of the carbon coupled with oxidation of the hydrazine to gaseous nitrogen, to yield the corresponding alkane.
What is Clemmensen reduction reaction of carbonyl group?
Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist.
Does Clemmensen reduce alcohol?
MECHANISM OF CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION * The Clemmensen reduction occurs over the surface of zinc catalyst. * As there is no formation of alcohol during the reaction, this method is not useful to reduce alcohols to alkanes.
What is Clemmensen Reduction reaction of carbonyl group?
How do you remove a carbonyl?
Aldehydes and ketones may also be reduced by hydride transfer from alkoxide salts. The reductive conversion of a carbonyl group to a methylene group requires complete removal of the oxygen, and is called deoxygenation.
What is end product of Clemmensen reduction?
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids.
How do you remove a carbonyl group?
Metal hydrides based on boron and aluminum are common reducing agents; catalytic hydrogenation is also an important method of reducing carbonyls. Before the discovery of soluble hydride reagents, esters were reduced by the Bouveault–Blanc reduction, employing a mixture of sodium metal in the presence of alcohols.
How did the Clemmensen reduction get its name?
Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist.
Which is the best solution for Clemmensen reduction?
With aliphatic or cyclic ketones, modified Clemmensen conditions using activated zinc dust in an anhydrous solution of hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether or acetic anhydride is much more effective. The substrate must be tolerant of the strongly acidic conditions of the Clemmensen reduction (37% HCl).
Is the Clemmensen reduction of 2-acetylflourene abnormal?
The Clemmensen reduction of 2-acetylflourene [18] is abnormal since it yields not only 2-ethylflourene but also the carbinol, 2- (α-hydroxyethyl)fluorene, and eight derivatives of this alcohol. What is interesting from the mechanistic point of view is the ease of the proposed metallic intermediate to form the alcohol, Figure 7.
What is the mechanism of the Clemmensen reaction?
The Clemmensen reaction consists in the reduction of a carbonyl compound to a methyl or methylene group by means of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid. There are two reviews [1, 2] and general information [3-8]. We will comment only pertinent studies that are subsequent to the 1942 review. Brewster [9] studied the Clemmensen reduction.