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What is the endogenous opiate theory?

The endogenous opioid system is one of the most studied innate pain-relieving systems. This system consists of widely scattered neurons that produce three opioids: beta-endorphin, the met- and leu-enkephalins, and the dynorphins.

How does morphine act as analgesic?

Opiate drugs, such as morphine, interact with opioid receptors and produce analgesia by the same mechanisms as enkephalin, i.e., hyperpolarization of interneurons and depressing the release of transmitters associated with transmission of pain.

What is endogenous analgesia?

Endogenous analgesia system refers to pathways originating in the brainstem and terminating in the spinal cord (and in trigeminal sensory nuclei) that inhibit spinal/trigeminal nociceptive processing. Neurotransmitters released by this system include endogenous opioids and monoamines (e.g., norepinephrine, serotonin).

What do barbiturates do?

Barbiturates are depressant drugs that slow down the central nervous system (CNS), and they are commonly used to treat issues like anxiety, headaches, insomnia, and seizures. Some can also be used as an effective anesthesia.

Why is morphine an analgesic?

Like other medications in this class, morphine has an affinity for delta, kappa, and mu-opioid receptors. [5] This drug produces most of its analgesic effects by binding to the mu-opioid receptor within the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What does the endogenous opioid system do?

Opioid receptors are part of the endogenous opioid system, which is the body’s internal system for regulating pain, reward, and addictive behaviors. It consists of opioid substances produced naturally within the body (called endogenous opioids) and their receptors, into which opioids fit like keys into locks.

What are barbiturates commonly known as?

Barbiturates are known as central nervous system depressants.

What is the mechanism of action of barbiturates?

Barbiturates act by depressing the central nervous system, particularly on certain portions of the brain, though they tend to depress the functioning of all the body’s tissues. Most of them exert a sedative effect in small doses and a hypnotic effect in larger doses.