Re-socialization – a process of development of the individual’s social norms and cultural values, undeveloped or poorly mastered previously or updated in the new stage of social development.
In this case, re-socialization can affect any individual, as the personality development throughout life is not only in the ascending and unidirectional in society. For the normal functioning of the individual in society may be called knowledge, skills, skills that he does not possess that actualizes the process of socialization in the new stage of life. Re-socialization covers many activities; from classes with students in their learning is not the acquisition of knowledge and skills to the professional training of employees.
In a more narrow sense of re-socialization involves the assimilation of individual values and norms that are radically different from the previously mastered. Such re-socialization precedes the destruction of previously accepted values and behavior patterns of the individual. According to Giddens, resocialization – somewhat personal change, in, which the mature individual accepts the type of behavior that is different from the received first (Giddens 1999: 692). Throughout his life, a person is going through various changes (growing up, growing older, creating a family, divorce, job change, moving from rural to urban areas, etc.). In these cases, exacerbated by the need for re-socialization. In terms of fundamental social changes in Russia in the late twentieth century, it has become urgent re-socialization for the older generation of Russians. Some changes in a person’s life may be critical situations, destroying the previously accepted norms, values and behavior of the individual models. People forced to develop norms and values radically different from the previous ones in these situations. Critical situation of socialization (of new orders and requirements, the behavior of people in concentration camps during interrogations) discloses B. Bettengelmom (Bettelheim, 1960), U.Sargantom (Sargant, 1959: 192) Restructuring and other personality or even its disintegration. Observed in critical situations, show that the socialization process can “be reversed,” the man as a person is never quite the same.
Personality changes with experience throughout a person’s life. Re-socialization can have not only positive but also negative in their social and psychological orientation (Giddens 1999: 86-88). According to P. Berger and T. Luckmann, an extreme case of re-socialization is a transformation of the individual, when he “switched” from one world to another (emigration, the acquisition of a new religion, a rising vertical mobility, prolonged hospitalization). Resocialization process in this case resemble primary socialization, as they need a radically new way to accentuate the reality. The most important condition is the existence of a successful resocialization social basis, mediated to the individual significant others, and intensive interaction with the socialization of the individual staff (Berger, Luckmann, 1995: 254-255). Secondary socialization may approach the re-socialization but always differs from it in that constructed because of primary internalization. At present, it is interpreted in a serial relationship with the past. Re-socialization does not involve the same consistency with the past, it is reinterpreted to fit the current reality (ibid: 239-263). The basis for the re-socialization is the present, and for secondary socialization – the past (ibid: 262-263).
Smelser defines a form of re-socialization of psychotherapy, under the influence of which the people are trying to deal with their conflicts and to change their behavior based on this understanding (Smelser 1994: 112).
From the standpoint of resocialization identity theory involves the acquisition of a new social identity or consolidation previously achieved in the new social conditions of the reconstituted reality.
The thesaurus is also the concept of socialization aspect stands out, indicating the importance of re-socialization for the formation of personality. Here, the functional side of the resocialization interpreted as imposing on the acquired in the first years of life properties of new layers of effects that leads to “re-socialization at each new stage of life” (Lukow, 2012: 370). In fact, thesaurus approach to socialization offers to see her dynamic, procedural side is a re-socialization.
A society taking care of aligning capabilities of individuals in their social adaptation, organizes various activities socialization institutions with the appropriate staff for this purpose, and material resources.